Characterization of Particulate Matter Emitted from Combustion of Various Biomasses in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 Environments
2014
Ruscio, Amanda | Kazanc, Feyza | Levendis, Y. A. (Yiannis A.)
This work reports on the physical and chemical characteristics of the ashes of biomass residues burned in air as well as in simulated dry oxy-combustion conditions. Three pulverized biomass residues (olive residue, corn residue, and torrefied pine sawdust) were burned in a laboratory-scale laminar-flow drop tube furnace heated to 1400 K. Olive residue resulted in by far the largest particulate yields—both submicrometer (PM₁) and supermicrometer (PM₁–₁₈)—whereas torrefied pine sawdust resulted in the lowest. The collected particulate yields of these two biomasses were analogous to their ash contents. The collected particulate yields of corn residue, however, were lower than expected in view of its ash content. To investigate the effects of the oxygen mole fraction and of the background gas, the O₂ mole fraction was varied from 20% to 60% in either N₂ or CO₂. Submicrometer particulate matter (PM₁) emission yields of all three fuels were lower in O₂/CO₂ than in O₂/N₂ environments; they typically, but not always, increased with increasing O₂ mole fraction in either background gas. The background gas had little effect on the chemical composition of the PM₁ particles. High amounts of alkalis (potassium, calcium, and sodium) as well as of chlorine were observed in PM₁. In addition, phosphorus and sulfur also existed in high amounts in PM₁ from combustion of corn residue. Supermicrometer particles (PM₁–₁₈) yields exhibited no clear trend when the background gas was changed or when the oxygen mole fraction was increased. The composition of these particles reflected the bulk ash composition of the parent fuels.
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