Historical persistence and isolation by distance of <i>Mirbelia viminalis</i> (Fabaceae) across the Hamersley Range of the Pilbara bioregion

Context Empirical studies of intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure can inform the evolutionary and demographic history of individual species and of landscapes at the bioregional level. Aims We aimed to assess intraspecific genetic variation at macroevolutionary and microevolutionary temporal scales for Mirbelia viminalis , a key species present on the Hamersley Range in the ancient and highly diverse landscape of the Pilbara bioregion of northwest Western Australia. Methods We sampled extant populations and assessed diversity and structure using sequences (chloroplast DNA, 1759 base pairs) and microsatellite markers (nuclear DNA, 15 loci) data. Key results Significant phylogeographic structure and a lack of historical demographic signals of population contraction or expansion suggest historical population persistence. Moderate chloroplast haplotype diversity (h =15) and moderate divergence among extant haplotypes indicates a degree of historical connectivity via seed dispersal across central populations on the Hamersley Range. Levels of nuclear genetic diversity were low to moderate (allelic richness=3.554, expected heterozygosity=0.489, observed heterozygosity=0.462) and depauperate compared to another member of the Mirbelia genus present further south in the Midwest region. Nuclear diversity revealed a strong signal of isolation by distance with localised admixture among populations and some contemporary genetic clustering along a north-west to south-east transect of the Hamersley Range. Conclusions Low nuclear genetic diversity may be related to recent reductions in population size for M. viminalis . Historical population persistence with few barriers to dispersal other than geographic distance may be common for members of the Fabaceae across the Hamersley Range.