Regeneration status of riparian tree species in two sites that differ in land-use in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Human communities from the Okavango Delta benefit from the services and goods provided by the wetland ecosystem through its riparian vegetation. These include food and timber products used for the construction of shelter and canoes. Despite the importance of riparian tree species in the Delta, their regeneration structure is currently unknown. For riparian trees to be managed sustainably, information on the current regeneration status of the trees under different land uses is needed. The Moremi game reserve (protected area) and Seronga (communal area) were selected for this study on the regeneration of riparian tree species of Croton megalobotrys Müll. Arg, Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire, Senegalia nigrescens (Acacia nigrescens) Oliv and Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. Dc. The height of each individual tree was estimated in randomly selected 30 plots (15 from each site) of 20 × 50 m for assignment to five regeneration classes: 0–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–4 and >4 m. Linear regression was used to infer regeneration status of each species. An independent-sample Student’s t test was used to determine any significance differences in seedling density/ha and sapling density/ha between different sites at p < 0.05. Diospyros mespiliformis populations had an unstable regeneration structure in both sites, while P. violacea regeneration was stable regardless of land-use type. Croton megalobotrys and S. nigrescens had an unstable regeneration pattern in Seronga, while in Moremi it was stable; thus, the regeneration structure of C. megalobotrys and S. nigrescens is affected by land-use. This result implies that intervention is needed to conserve the two species in Seronga where the current land-use appears to be incompatible with regeneration; D. mespiliformis also needs to be conserved in both Moremi and Seronga.