Investigations on acaricide resistance in populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi KOCH (Acari: Tetranychidae), collected at Lake Constance | Untersuchungen zur Akarizidresistenz an Populationen der Obstbaumspinnmilbe, Panonychus ulmi KOCH (Acari: Tetranychidae) aus dem Bodenseegebiet
2006
Thiel, Miriam | Nauen, Ralf
One of the major acarine pest species of deciduous fruit trees like apple and plum is the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi KOCH (Acari: Tetranychidae). Feeding damage by P. ulmi results in leaf bronzing followed by an early defoliation and a reduction in yield, which is usually prevented by the application of acaricides. A problem often associated with mite control is the (sometimes rapid) development of resistance due to their high reproductive potential, a short life cycle allowing numerous generations per season and frequent applications of acaricides. Therefore a resistance monitoring is considered to be an essential part within resistance management strategies where only compounds providing full efficacy at recommended rates should be used. Once a new acaricide is considered for market introduction a so-called baseline susceptibility study is requested by the European authorities. Such a baseline study was also conducted for the new acaricidal compound spirodiclofen (Envidor®), which is known to inhibit lipid biosynthesis and particularly active against juvenile stages of tetranychid mite pests such as P. ulmi. However, a strong reduction of female adult fecundity results in excellent residual efficacy. Here we report on the baseline susceptibility of 15 European red mite populations against spirodiclofen, which were collected in 2005 in apple orchards at Lake Constance, Germany. The baseline data were combined because of a low population-to-population variation in response to spirodiclofen and a composite dose effect calculation revealed a diagnostic concentration (LC₉₅) of 5 mg/liter (ppm) for future monitoring purposes in P. ulmi larvae. Furthermore we checked the susceptibility of the very same field populations against pyridaben, hexythiazox and abamectin. This helps to identify candidates for a balanced resistance management strategy avoiding the implication of cross-resistance issues.
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