Control of Neofabraea alba by plant volatile compounds and hot water
2009
Neri, Fiorella | Mari, Marta | Brigati, Stefano | Bertolini, Paolo
Fumigation by plant volatile compounds and hot water treatment were tested in vitro and in vivo for their activity against Neofabraea alba (anamorph Phlyctema vagabunda), the cause of lenticel rot in apple fruit. In vitro trials with volatile compounds showed a consistent inhibition of pathogen growth by carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and trans-2-hexenal, while (-)-carvone, hexanal, p-anisaldehyde, 2-nonanone and eugenol showed progressively lower inhibition. The greatest inhibition of mycelial growth was demonstrated by carvacrol (effective doses for 50 and 95 inhibition [ED₅₀ and ED₉₅]=5.9 and 17.0μLL⁻¹, respectively; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]=36.9μLL⁻¹) and of conidial germination by trans-2-hexenal (ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ =4.1 and 6.9μLL⁻¹, respectively; MIC=9.2μLL⁻¹). Hot water showed a complete inhibition of conidial germination in vitro after 10, 2 and 1min of exposure at 40, 45 and 50°C, respectively, and a complete inhibition of mycelial growth after 20min of exposure at 75°C. Among the volatile compounds tested, only 25μLL⁻¹ of carvacrol slightly reduced fungal infection on artificially infected apples (11.4% efficacy). Hot water treatment at 45°C for 10min showed high efficacy in the control of lenticel rot on apples. Reduction of infection was 80% in artificially inoculated fruit (cv Golden Delicious) and 90% in naturally infected fruit (cv Pink Lady) after 90 and 135d of storage, respectively.
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