Effects of group behavior in the predatory raid on damselfish nests by the false cleanerfish Aspidontus taeniatus
2022
Satō, Hajime | Sakai, Yoichi | Kuwamura, Tetsuo
The false cleanerfish Aspidontus taeniatus, which resembles the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, is one of the best‐known examples of mimicry in vertebrates. This mimicry system has been viewed as an aggressive mimicry to bite fish fins. However, recent field studies have reported that large individuals of the false cleanerfish often form groups and jointly raid damselfish nests to eat eggs that are guarded by their parents. The benefits of group behavior have been reported in a variety of animals. In the case of false cleanerfish, parental defense of territorial damselfishes is the main factor that constrains the availability of nutritionally valuable food resources. Here, we conducted field observations on the reefs of Okinawa, and found that the false cleanerfish formed groups of 2–12 individuals when they raided breeding nests of 13 species of damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and one species of triggerfish (Balistidae). Since the cleaner wrasse does not form such groups, the feeding groups of the false cleanerfish are assumed to reduce the effectiveness of mimicry. However, our results showed that the group behavior has two effects: a dilution effect, which reduces the risk of being attacked by egg‐guarding fish, and an increase in foraging efficiency. We conclude that the false cleanerfish need to form foraging groups during egg‐eating because the mimicry has no effect on parental damselfishes.
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