Metabolic Effects of Elevated CO₂ on Wheat Grain Development and Composition
Soba, David | Ben Mariem, Sinda | Fuertes-Mendizábal, Teresa | Méndez-Espinoza, Ana María | Gilard, Françoise | González-Murua, Carmen | Irigoyen, Juan J. | Tcherkez, Guillaume | Aranjuelo, Iker
The increase in the atmospheric CO₂ concentration is predicted to influence wheat production and grain quality and nutritional properties. In the present study, durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Sula) was grown under two different CO₂ (400 versus 700 μmol mol–¹) concentrations to examine effects on the crop yield and grain quality at different phenological stages (from grain filling to maturity). Exposure to elevated CO₂ significantly increased aboveground biomass and grain yield components. Growth at elevated CO₂ diminished the elemental N content as well as protein and free amino acids, with a typical decrease in glutamine, which is the most represented amino acid in grain proteins. Such a general decrease in nitrogenous compounds was associated with altered kinetics of protein accumulation, N remobilization, and N partitioning. Our results highlight important modifications of grain metabolism that have implications for its nutritional quality.
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