Cooperative effects of iron oxide nanoparticle (α-Fe₂O₃) and citrate on germination and oxidative system of evening primrose (Oenthera biennis L.)
Asadi-Kavan, Zhika | Khavari-Nejad, Ramazan Ali | Iranbakhsh, Alireza | Najafi, Farzaneh
This study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of iron oxide nanoparticle (nα-Fe₂O₃) and its bulk counterpart (bα-Fe₂O₃) with and/or without citrate interaction on germination and seedling growth of Oenothera biennis L. We prepared buffered suspensions of nα-Fe₂O₃ and bα-Fe₂O₃ at 4 levels (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 g.L⁻¹). The nα-Fe₂O₃ increased 89.17% germination percentage, 53.36% germination tolerance index, 82.21% root tolerance index, and 79.42% ferric reducing antioxidant power. The nα-Fe₂O₃+citrate improved α-Fe₂O₃ function with a 47% relative hypocotyl length, and 97.32% vigor index2 increase. Leaf area, tolerance index of seedling fresh weight increased at bα-Fe₂O₃+citrate. Antioxidant enzyme activities are increased in α-Fe₂O₃+citrate, through which increased biomass and tolerance indices. Oxidative stress control was an important component of this plant’s ability to withstand environmental stress and to succeed in germination and seedling growth. This finding emphasizes that if nα-Fe₂O₃ were used at low and intermediate concentrations, it would not have toxic effects on this plant, and potentially would result in successful stress tolerance and could act as iron fertilizers for the growth of Oenothera biennis L.
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