Identification of gibberellins in spinach and effects of light and darkness on their levels

The endogenous gibberellin (GA) content of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was reinvestigated by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The 13-hydroxy GAs: GA53, GA44, GA19, GA17, GA20, GA5, GA1, GA29, and GA8; the non-3,13-hydroxy GAs: GA12, GA15, GA9, and GA51; and the 3 beta-hydroxy Gas: GA7, and GA34, were identified in spinach extracts by comparing full-scan mass spectra and Kovats retention indices with those of reference Gas. in addition, spinach plants contained isolactone, 16,17-dihydro-17-hydroxy-GA53, GA29-catabolite, 3-epi-GA1, and 10 uncharacterized Gas with mass spectra indicative of mono- and dihydroxy-GA12, monohydroxy-GA25, dihydroxy GA24, and dihydroxy-GA9. The effect of light-dark conditions on the GA levels of the 13-hydroxylation pathway was studied by using labeled internal standards in selected ion monitoring mode. in short day, the GA levels were higher at the end of the light period than at the end of the dark period. Levels of Gas at the end of each short day were relatively constant. During the first supplementary light period of long day treatment, GA53 and GA19 declined dramatically, GA44 and GA1 decreased slightly, and GA20 increased. During the subsequent high-intensity light period, the GA20 level decreased and the levels of GA53, GA44, GA19, and GA1 increased slightly. Within 7 days after the beginning of long day treatment, similar patterns for GA53 and GA19 occurred. Furthermore, when these plants were transferred to darkness, an increase in the levels of GA53 and GA19 was observed. These results are compatible with the idea that in spinach, the flow through the GA biosynthetic pathway is much enhanced during the high-intensity light period, although GA turnover occurs also during the supplementary period of long day, both effects being responsible for the increase of GA20 and GA1 in long day.