Monitoring the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in industrial growing poultry in Albania

During 2006 – 2010, out of many poultry farms located in different geographic areas within the country (Fier, Kavaje, Durres, Elbasan, Shkoder, Korce, Lezhe and Lushnje) were championed/selected visceral organs and intestinal materials. In this study, were isolated a total of 1.496 strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. The findings obtained from this study, provide a clear picture on the presence, distribution and the behavioral of poultry pathogenosity of E.coli and Salmonella spp., based on the usage of innovative diagnostic methods. Even though, attenuated and live vaccines are continuously produced for immunization of poultry against enterobacterias, salmonellosis and colibacillosis, these diseases remain among the most encountered bacterial infections in poultry industry. Nowadays, poultry breeding in Albania has a very heterogeneous characteristic. The development of poultry industry and breeding of many avian species is mainly based on the existence of intensive modern farms with huge capacities, which often are mixed in another form- widely distributed in country, such as rural breeding, extensive and family ones. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have not yet clarified the mechanisms with which pathogen enterobacters in poultry are able to cause the infection. The routine diagnose in the field, followed by isolation of E. coli and species of Salmonella genres in reference laboratories cannot lead in classification or full recognition of circulative strains in a territory, if it is not performed a differentiation among the present microorganisms in intensive farms and those in rural areas. Foremost, it cannot be concluded the fact whether these strains are acting as prime pathogens or are part of secondary infections, which occur very often in intensive poultry breeding industry.