Analysis of DNA Aneuploidy and c-myc Oncoprotein Content of Canine Plasma Cell Tumors Using Flow Cytometry

To derive a method for determining malignant potential of plasma cell tumors, a retrospective analysis of the DNA ploidy and relative p62ᶜ⁻ᵐʸᶜ oncoprotein content using bivariate flow cytometry was performed on 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 23 dogs. The samples included one tissue each from 17 males and six females 2 to 16 years of age (mean = 7.5 years). Twelve breeds were represented, including three Cocker Spaniels, three Golden Retrievers, and five of mixed breed. Ten of the samples were histologically classified as malignant-plasma cell tumors, and ten specimens were classified as benign. Three samples of plasmacytic inflammation, from two Cocker Spaniels and one Shih Tsu, were included as controls. The ploidy and relative c-myc content data obtained were compared with the histologic grade. A significant difference in ploidy was found between benign and malignant tumors (P ≤ 0.05). Five of nine malignant plasma cell tumors were aneuploid; the remainder were diploid (4/9) or tetraploid (1/9). Only one of the benign plasmacytomas was aneuploid (1/10), whereas six were diploid (6/10), and three were tetraploid (3/10). All of the controls were diploid (3/32). When relative amounts of p62ᶜ⁻ᵐʸᶜ from malignant and benign tumors were compared by flow cytometry, a greater significant difference was established (P ≤ 0.01) than by using aneuploidy alone. Relative values of p62ᶜ⁻ᵐʸᶜ content ranged from 219 to 553 units in 8/10 malignant plasma cell tumors and from 86 to 392 units in 3/10 benign plasmacytomas. The remainder of the neoplasms (2/10 malignant and 7/10 benign) lacked measurable values of p62ᶜ⁻ᵐʸᶜ above background fluorescence concentrations. Two atypical cutaneous plasmacytomas with later metastasis were included in the study. The results indicate that simultaneous analysis of ploidy and relative p62ᶜ⁻ᵐʸᶜ concentration can be used as an aid in assessment of malignant potential in canine plasma cell tumors.