Effects of Sugars and Sugar Alcohols on the Gelatinization Temperatures of Wheat, Potato, and Corn Starches
Allan, Matthew C. | Chamberlain, MaryClaire | Mauer, Lisa J.
The gelatinization temperature (Tgₑₗ) of starch increases in the presence of sweeteners due to sweetener-starch intermolecular interactions in the amorphous regions of starch. Different starch botanical sources contain different starch architectures, which may alter sweetener-starch interactions and the effects of sweeteners on Tgₑₗs. To document these effects, the Tgₑₗs of wheat, potato, waxy corn, dent corn, and 50% and 70% high amylose corn starches were determined in the presence of eleven different sweeteners and varying sweetener concentrations. Tgₑₗs of 2:1 sweetener solution:starch slurries were measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The extent of Tgₑₗ elevation was affected by both starch and sweetener type. Tgₑₗs of wheat and dent corn starches increased the most, while Tgₑₗs of high amylose corn starches were the least affected. Fructose increased Tgₑₗs the least, and isomalt and isomaltulose increased Tgₑₗs the most. Overall, starch Tgₑₗs increased more with increasing sweetener concentration, molar volume, molecular weight, and number of equatorial and exocyclic hydroxyl groups. Starches containing more short amylopectin chains, fewer amylopectin chains that span through multiple clusters, higher number of building blocks per cluster, and shorter inter-block chain lengths exhibited the largest Tgₑₗ increases in sweetener solutions, attributed to less stable crystalline regions.
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