Phylogeny of the genus Tephritis Latreille 1804 (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Korneyev, Severyn V. | Smit, John T. | Hulbert, Daniel L. | Korneyev, Valery A. | Smith, Jim (James J.)
The phylogenetic relationships of Tephritis Latreille, one of the largest genera of true fruit flies, are poorly understood due to the large number of species, lack of reliable morphological characters, difficulties in identification and, in general, low economic importance. In the present study we assembled a dataset of 35 species of the genus Tephritis (28 from the Palaearctic and seven from the Nearctic Region) and seven species from closely related genera of the tribe Tephritini (one species each of Actinoptera Rondani, Capitites Foote & Freidberg, Euaresta Loew, Goniurellia Hendel, Trupanea Schrank and two species of Heringina Aczél) and inferred phylogenetic relationships using five genes (2964 bp): mitochondrial CO1 (690 bp), mitochondrial 16S rRNA (561 bp), and the nuclear genes Period (485 bp), AATS (487 bp), and the 28S rRNA (741 bp). The results are a considerable advance for the understanding of species relationships, possible group structure and existing concepts of morphology, relationships and divergence of the genus. Our results based on molecular phylogenetic relationships show that morphological characters can be uninformative for defining monophyletic species groups; however, species groups are moderately well supported by association with certain host plant taxa (genera, subtribes or tribes). Furthermore we discuss monophyly of the genus Tephritis, and its relationships with closely related genera Heringina and Capitites
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