Molecular characterization and biological activities of watersoluble sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera
Cho, MyoungLae | Yang, Chen | Kim, Sang Moo | You, SangGuan
Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Enteromorpha prolifera and fractionated using ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and biological activities. The crude and fractionated polysaccharides (F₁, F₂, and F₃) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (50.8–62.5%), sulfates (14.5–18.8%), and uronic acid (13.8–16.6%) with different levels of monosaccharides, including rhamnose (57.1–87.6%), glucose (3.6-39.1%), and xylose (2.4–8.8%). The protein content ranged from 1.0 to 13.9%, and after the fractionation, most proteins were included in the F₂ fraction (11.3%). The crude, F₁, F₂, and F₃ exhibited the molecular weights (Mw) of 37–1,281×10³ g/mol. The polysaccharides had no significant direct cytotoxicity to cancer cells AGS or DLD- 1. On the other hand, the F₁ and F₂ stimulated Raw 264.7 cells to produce a considerable amount of nitric oxide (NO). The investigation of F₂ subfractions failed to reveal a specific subfraction more significantly affecting the NO production, thus requiring further systematic elucidation of their structural characteristics.
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