Inflammatory Potential of Diet: Association With Chemerin, Omentin, Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein, and Insulin Resistance in the Apparently Healthy Obese

Objective: Low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of various conditions, including obesity. Diet is regarded as a strong modifier of inflammation. The potential links between inflammatory properties of diet and adipokines as well as insulin resistance (IR) warrant further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with serum chemerin, omentin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) as well as IR among apparently healthy obese adults. Design: In this cross-sectional study, 171 abdominally obese subjects were recruited in the northwest of Iran. Demographic data, dietary intake, anthropometric indices, and physical activity (PA) were assessed. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intake, using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Basal blood samples were collected to determine the biochemical parameters. A linear regression test with adjusted beta estimates was applied for data analysis. Result: Compared to those with higher DII score, the group with lower DII score (anti-inflammatory diet) had higher protein (83.62 ± 36.42 g vs. 71.61 ± 25.94 g) and lower carbohydrate (325.00 ± 125.76 g vs. 378.19 ± 137.69 g) intake. Participants with higher DII score had lower consumption of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats as well as fiber and higher saturated fats (p < .001). Those with elevated DII score had higher levels of chemerin (p = .034) and LBP (p = .040), compared to those with lower DII. Omentin showed no significant differences between groups with different DII scores. Additionally, people with a more proinflammatory diet had higher FBS (p = .005); however, other markers of IR did not differ by DII scores. Conclusions: The results suggest that increased inflammatory potential of diet, as indicated by higher DII score, is associated with elevated levels of chemerin and LBP. While DII was positively associated with FBS, no significant correlation was found for insulin and other indices of IR.