Study of Sorption and Removal of Oil Hydrocarbons in Soil Samples
2022
Turov, Yu. P. | Guznyaeva, M. Yu | Lazarev, D. A. | Petrova, Yu. Yu | Zhdanova, G. O. | Stom, D. I.
In the study of oil pollution of soils, various methods of analysis are used to assess the extent and degree of damage and to predict the consequences. However, because of the considerable variability in the composition of oil and oil products from different sources and the impossibility of creating universal reference samples for calibration, the results of analyses obtained by different methods vary greatly. Discrepancies in the results may reach 200–800%. The sources of errors in the assessment of oil contamination of soils have been studied using gravimetric, chromatography–mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy methods and laboratory contamination of a sample of alluvial soil with crude oil. It has been shown that less than 50% of the mass of polluting oil pass into the analytical form. Moreover, the heavy part of the oil, represented by highly polar components—resins and asphaltenes—remains generally undetermined by the existing methods, though these particular fractions require the maximum time for their destruction under natural conditions. The study of the removal of oil and oil products from the contaminated soil owing to evaporation of light hydrocarbons and bio-oxidation by strains of the aboriginal microflora under model conditions in the alluvial soil sample indicates that the total loss of the mass of introduced oil reaches 17% after a 60-day exposure at a temperature of 23°. In this case, the relative concentrations of aromatic compounds, resins, and asphaltenes increase. To obtain a real picture of oil contamination in soils and rocks, the use of the methods of organic geochemistry can be recommended.
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