Effects of dietary vitamin K3 levels on growth, coagulation, calcium content, and antioxidant capacity in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
Wei, Xiang | Hangying, | Li, Xiang | Hua, Xueming | Cong, Xiangming | Yi, Wanting | Guo, Xu
An 8-week feeding trial investigated the optimum dietary vitamin K₃ requirements of largemouth bass. A total of 600 healthy fish (12.96 ± 0.07 g) were fed diets containing varying levels of vitamin K₃ at 0.78 (K0), 5.80 (K5), 10.82 (K10), 15.84 (K15), and 20.85 (K20) mg/kg with four replicates per level. Results showed that dietary vitamin K₃ enhanced growth, with weight gain rate and specific growth rate in K15 trials significantly higher than K0 trials (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the content of crude protein, crude lipid, moisture, ash, and phosphorus in muscle tissue (P > 0.05). However, the supplementation of vitamin K₃ significantly contributed to calcium accumulation in muscle tissues and vertebrae (P < 0.05) and increased red blood cell counts (P < 0.05). The blood coagulation time decreased significantly with increasing dietary vitamin K₃ from 0.78 to 10.82 mg/kg (P < 0.05) before stabilizing (P > 0.05). The antioxidant capacity was improved with the addition of vitamin K₃, which was inconsistent with the changes in malondialdehyde and MK-4 (a form of menaquinone) within liver and serum, suggesting that the toxicity of excessive artificial vitamin K₃ may account for this difference. Using regression analysis, the appropriate dietary vitamin K₃ levels within a largemouth bass diet was determined to be in the range of 9.93–15.22 mg/kg, which will provide a reference for the preparation of vitamin premix and artificial diet for largemouth bass.
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