Evaluation of larval toxicity, mode of action and chemical composition of citrus essential oils against Anopheles stephensi and Culexquinquefasciatus
2022
Sharma, Shivani | Loach, Neha | Gupta, Shweta | Mohan, Lalit
Mosquitoes are the most significant insect vectors and are known for their community health prominences, which causes economic and social disturbances. Almost currently implemented strategies for mosquito control are based on synthetic insecticides, which have several toxic exposures to humans, animals and other non-targets as well as multiplied various environmental pollution. Hence, the mosquito larvicidal impact of essential oils of Citrus limetta (Musambi), C. limon (Lemon) and C. reticulata (Kinnow) was evaluated. The essential oils obtained through hydrodistillation and further characterized by phytochemical and GC-MS examinations. The larvicidal bioassay was performed according to the standard protocol of WHO, 2005 with slide modifications. The results indicated that alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins were present in the leaves and peels. d‒Limonene, β‒Terpinene, Linalool, Citral, α‒Pinene β‒Caryophyllene, Terpinen‒4‒ol, γ‒Terpinene, 3‒Carene, Sylvestrene, β‒Ocimene, β‒Thujene, Citronellal, Sabinene and β‒Pinene were determined as major phytocompounds. Moreover, C. limetta was found as the most potent larvicide. The essential oil of leaves having LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values 23.77 ± 3.45 and 81.07 ± 15.24 ppm and 35.12 ± 3.55 and 81.30 ± 10.79 ppm and in the case of peels 16.31 ± 3.50 and 77.60 ± 18.17 ppm and 29.20 ± 3.11 and 68.62 ± 9.03 ppm against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus after 24 h, respectively. Therefore, they can be used as environmental friendly and cheap botanical mosquitocides.
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