Genotype Influences Sulfur Metabolism in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Under Elevated CO₂ and NaCl Stress
Rodríguez Hernández, María del Carmen | Moreno, Diego A. | Carvajal, Micaela | Martínez-Ballesta, María del Carmen
Climatic change predicts elevated salinity in soils as well as increased carbon dioxide dioxide [CO ₂] in the atmosphere. The present study aims to determine the effect of combined salinity and elevated [CO ₂] on sulfur (S) metabolism and S-derived phytochemicals in green and purple broccoli (cv. Naxos and cv. Viola, respectively). Elevated [CO ₂] involved the amelioration of salt stress, especially in cv. Viola, where a lower biomass reduction by salinity was accompanied by higher sodium (Na ⁺) and chloride (Cl –) compartmentation in the vacuole. Moreover, salinity and elevated [CO ₂] affected the mineral and glucosinolate contents and the activity of biosynthetic enzymes of S-derived compounds and the degradative enzyme of glucosinolate metabolism, myrosinase, as well as the related amino acids and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). In cv. Naxos, elevated [CO ₂] may trigger the antioxidant response to saline stress by means of increased GSH concentration. Also, in cv. Naxos, indolic glucosinolates were more influenced by the NaCl×CO ₂ interaction whereas in cv. Viola the aliphatic glucosinolates were significantly increased by these conditions. Salinity and elevated [CO ₂] enhanced the S cellular partitioning and metabolism affecting the myrosinase–glucosinolate system.
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