Ecotoxicological impacts of isoprothiolane on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio fingerlings: a multi-biomarker assessment
Saravanan, Manoharan | Kim, Ji-Yoon | Kim, Hea-Na | Kim, Seong-Beom | Ko, Dong-Hoon | Hur, Jang-Hyun
Extensive use of fungicides in agriculture has led to the detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and organisms even at very low concentrations. In this respect, the present study was aimed to investigate the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of fungicide isoprothiolane (2.7 and 27 µg/L; reported concentration in Yung San River, Korea) on a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio for a short-term period of 96 h using various biomarkers such as hematological, ionoregulatory, biochemical, and enzymological parameters. At both concentrations, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, and gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase levels were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in fish treated with isoprothiolane. Contrastingly, white blood cell, serum sodium (Na⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), and albumin levels were increased (p < 0.05). However, the short-term exposure of isoprothiolane in carp resulted in slight alterations in mean cellular volume, mean cellular hemoglobin, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration, serum potassium (K⁺), protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase levels. The present study concludes that alterations of hematological, ionoregulatory, biochemical, and enzymological parameters can be used as efficient biomarkers in monitoring the toxicity of isoprothiolane as well as other pesticides in aquatic organisms. Further, more detailed studies on using of specific biomarkers to monitor the long-term effects of isoprothiolane are needed.
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