Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the expression of apoptotic markers in mouse blastocysts
2018
Ilani, Mojtaba | Alaee, Sanaz | Khodabandeh, Zahra | Jamhiri, Iman | Owjfard, Maryam
Oocyte maturation, embryo development and expression of apoptotic-specific genes were evaluated in blastocysts of mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Female mice received 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day titanium dioxide intraperitoneally for five consecutive days. After the last injection, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and, 48 h later, human chorionic gonadotropin were administered intraperitoneally for induction of ovulation. After 14 h, mice were sacrificed and oocytes were collected. The number of mature oocytes was evaluated and then fertilization was carried out in vitro and the numbers of fertilized and cleaved oocytes and of blastocysts and the expression of Bax, caspase 3, and Bcl-xL genes in blastocysts were evaluated. The number of mature, fertilized and cleaved oocytes and of blastocyst embryos in the experimental groups were not different from control. The expression of Bax and caspase 3 genes was significantly elevated in the experimental groups compared to control, while expression of the Bcl-xL gene was significantly lower in the high dose group. Uptake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles at daily doses of 50 mg/kg and more may affect embryo development by alteration of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression.
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