The genetic structure of Mytilus chilensis (Hupe 1854) populations along the Chilean coast based on RAPDs analysis

The Chilean blue mussel Mytilus chilensis is an important commercial species. However, little has been published on the population genetics of this species, despite the need to implement management and conservation policies. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to estimate genetic variation within and between eight natural populations along the whole range of its Chilean natural distribution (ca. 1900 km from Arauco (VIII Region) to Punta Arenas (XII Region)). The values of Nei's unbiased genetic distance, D (0.030-0.107), among populations were small, despite the large geographic separation. A mantel test using 50 000 randomizations showed evidence for a significant correlation (r = 0.74, P < 0.05) between genetic and geographic (coastal) distance. Punta Arenas population was the most genetically differentiated from the others, although the scale of differentiation was not large (D = 0.076-0.107). The levels of gene flow (Nm = 1.55) found in this study prevent differentiation among populations by genetic drift. This is the result of the long-lived planktotrophic larvae of M. chilensis, which provides this species with considerable dispersal ability throughout its range, which is favoured by the ocean currents along the Chilean coast. A restricted larval dispersal towards the north due to the Cape Horn Current derived from the West Wind Drift could be the cause of the higher genetic differentiation of Punta Arenas population from the northern populations. For management purposes of the M. chilensis fishery, the results provide no evidence for discrete stocks, with the possible exception of the Punta Arenas population. The present study provides the baseline data in order to continue further characterization of these mussel populations, considering the great increase in aquaculture of this species.