Hot-air quarantine treatment for carambolas infested with Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Sharp, J.L. | Hallman, G.J.
A single-stage quarantine treatment using air at 47 +/- 0.2 degrees C was developed to disinfest Florida-grown carambola, Averrhoa carambola L., 'Arkin' of eggs and larvae of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Treating infested fruits for 30, 45, and 60 min with air at 47 +/- 0.2 degrees C at a mean air flow rate of 0.75 m3/s reduced the number of surviving puparia that developed from treated eggs and larvae. Initial mean +/- SEM fruit center pulp temperature was 22.8 +/- 0.1 degree C. The temperatures were 38.9 +/- 0.7, 43.3 +/- 0.4, and 44.9 +/- 0.4 degrees C at 30, 45, and 60 min of heating respectively, when mortalities were 1-9.2, 98.5, and 100%. Probit analysis of the data estimated the mean fruit center pulp temperature needed to reach 99.9968% (Probit 9) mortality as 44 degrees C (range, 42.4-44.8 degrees C), which required a mean 64.8 min. A large-scale confirmatory test resulted in no survivors based on normal appearing puparia when 214,801 A. suspensa in 3,850 infested carambolas were heated with air at 47 +/- 0.2 degrees C at an average air flow rate of 0.75 m3/s until the fruit center pulp temperature reached greater than or equal to 45.5 degrees C. The heating time required to reach greater than or equal to 45.5 degrees C ranged from 90 to 120 min. Initial mean relative humidity was 51%; it increased to approximately 85% at 90 min, and remained there until the confirmatory test was completed.
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