Isolation, identification, characterization, and screening of rhizospheric bacteria for herbicidal activity
2018
Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun | Oloke, Julius Kola | Prasad, Gandham | Bello, Oluwasesan Micheal | Osemwegie, Osarenkhoe Omorefosa | Pradeep, Mishra | Jolly, Ravinder Sing
The consistent application of agrochemical herbicides has been reported to impact negatively on human health, environment, and food safety, and facilitated the emergence of weed resistances. Rhizosphere bacteria (RB) of different crops were screened for antagonism against Amaranthus hybridus L. (pigweed) and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyard grass) using necrosis assay technique. A total of eight rhizosphere bacterial isolates (B1–B8) produced different degrees of leaf necrosis on target weeds with isolate B2 manifesting the most significant necrotic activity. The rhizospheric bacterium (B2) with the highest necrotic activity was identified using 16S rRNA sequencing technique and further investigated. Molecular, morphological, and biochemical characterizations confirmed B2 isolate to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On isolation with ethyl acetate, separation, defatting, purification, and flash chromatography, seven different fractions (fraction 1–fraction 7) were obtained out of which fraction 4 showed the highest necrotic activity in necrosis assay experiment. Preparative HPLC of fraction 4 resulted in a pure compound that completely inhibited seed germination and seedling development of pigweed and barnyard grass but remained non-antagonistic to other tested soil fungi used in this study. The result obtained from this present study consequently confirmed the antagonistic behavior of rhizosphere-inhabiting P. aeruginosa to the target weeds and qualified the suitability of bacterium as good alternative source of bioherbicide. Potential herbicidal formulation from P. aeruginosa will help reduce crop loss due to weed challenges while offering a partial solution to the use of agrochemicals and food security. ᅟ
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