Profils alimentaires et pathologies cardiovasculaires
Amiot-Carlin, Marie Josèphe
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and in France. Diet is one of the factors in maintaining vascular health. Different profiles associated with CVD have been identified from the PubMed and WOS databases. Randomized and controlled trials and prospective studies aggregated in meta-analyses allow linking different profiles with the incidence of CVD (coronary heart disease, stroke) as well as risk factors associated with nutritional targets, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The studies summarize the effects in primary prevention. Thus, three categories of profiles were reported and based on: 1) food groups (Prudent, Vegetarian, Mediterranean or Nordic profiles) 2) food groups with specific recommendations on nutritional targets (DASH and Portfolio) and 3) on macronutrients (low in lipids or carbohydrates, etc.). All of the beneficial profiles on CVD have common components: more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts. The DASH profile targeted at reducing hypertension through lower salt intake is convincingly protective against CVD, while Prudent and Mediterranean profiles are beneficial but with lower quality. In conclusion, eating more vegetable products as less refined, less salt and more polyunsaturated fatty acids than saturated ones is recommended for a decrease in CVD incidence.
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