Dual ¹⁴C/residue analysis method to assess the microbial accessibility of native phenanthrene in environmental samples
Posada-Baquero, Rosa | Niqui-Arroyo, José-Luis | Bueno-Montes, Marisa | Gutiérrez-Dabán, Alfonso | Ortega-Calvo, Jose Julio
The aim of this work was to develop a method to assess the microbial accessibility of native phenanthrene present in soils and sediments. We developed an accelerated biodegradation assay, characterized by (a) inoculation with a sufficient number of phenanthrene-degrading microorganisms, (b) monitoring of the biodegradation activity through ¹⁴C-mineralization measurements, and (c) single-step chemical analysis of the native compound in the residue. The use of ¹⁴C-labeling allowed the determination of the time period needed for biodegradation of the bioaccessible fraction of the native chemical. The method was tested with environmental samples having a wide range of phenanthrene concentrations, i.e., from background levels (μg kg⁻¹) originating in soil from atmospheric deposition, to acute concentrations (g kg⁻¹) corresponding to industrial pollution of soils and sediments. The results showed a wide range of bioaccessibility (15-95% of the initial amount). The method can be used for the assessment of bioaccessibility involved in the management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution.
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