Development of insecticide-resistance and -susceptible Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to furanocoumarins found in celery
Brewer, M.J. | Meade, T. | Trumble, J.T.
When fed linear furanocoumarins throughout larval development, Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner) life history was affected as exposure to psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten increased from control levels to those found in commercial 52-70HK celery and insect-resistant 87A 147-2 celery (0 to 0.0022 to 0.029% fresh weight of diet, respectively). As measured by life-history traits, the furanocoumarins were more biologically active in mixture than in isolation. Insecticide resistance status mediated the effect of furanocoumarins on some but not all life-history traits measured, and the type of resistance (methomyl and fenvalerate resistance) did not result in the same response in an measures. As compared with the methomyl- and fenvalerate-resistant colonies, larval development was extended in the insecticide-susceptible colony when larvae were exposed to the highest furanocoumarin concentration. As measured by survival, the insecticide-susceptible and fenvalerate-resistant colonies were more sensitive to furanocoumarin exposure than the methomyl-resistant colony. Pupal weight and egg production of those individuals surviving exposure did not indicate a furanocoumarin and insecticide resistance status interaction. Differences in monooxygenase activity, as measured by O-demethylation, were not detected in methomyl-resistant or insecticide-susceptible S. exigua larvae exposed or not exposed to furanocoumarins. These results suggest that differential selection for furanocoumar intolerance among these populations may occur because of the diversity of S. exigua exposure to insecticides and host plants varying in linear furanocoumarin content.
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