Breakfast glycemic index affects subsequent daily energy intake in free-living healthy children
2007
Buyken, Anette E. | Trauner, Karin | Günther, Anke LB | Kroke, Anja | Remer, Thomas
BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have reported that the effect of a meal's glycemic index (GI) on subsequent energy intake depends on the timing of the subsequent meal. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the timing of the next meal after breakfast modifies the effect of the breakfast GI (GIbr) on subsequent daytime energy intake of healthy free-living children. DESIGN: Analyses included 381 participants of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study who had provided weighed dietary records at ages 2, 4-5, and 7 y. RESULTS: At all ages, among children who consumed their next meal in the early postprandial phase (after 3-4 h), children with a lower GIbr consumed more calories throughout the remainder of the day than did children with a higher GIbr, independent of major dietary confounders. For the age groups 2, 4-5, and 7 y, energy intakes in tertiles 1 and 3 were 785 kcal (95% CI: 743-830 kcal) and 717 kcal (678-758 kcal), P for trend = 0.2; 993 kcal (941-1047 kcal) and 949 kcal (900-1000 kcal), P for trend = 0.05; 1255 (1171-1344) and 1166 (1090-1247 kcal), P for trend = 0.03, respectively. Conversely, among children consuming their next meal in the late postprandial phase (>3-4 h), subsequent daytime energy intake was not associated with GIbr. CONCLUSION: This study confirms differential early and late postprandial effects of the GIbr on subsequent daytime energy intake for free-living children at different ages. Interestingly, the apparent short-term satiating effect of a higher GIbr, in particular, persisted throughout the day, if a second breakfast was consumed midmorning.
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