Seasonal variation of leaf, stem and umbel ray essential oils of Bupleurum gibraltarium Lam
Fernandez-Ocana, A.M. | Fernandez-Lopez, C. | Camacho-Simarro, A.M. | Velasco-Negueruela, A. | Perez-Alonso, M.J. | Pala-Paul, J. | Garcia-Vallejo, M.C. | Altarejos, J.
The yield and composition of essential oils from leaves, stems, umbel rays and also from whole aerial parts of Bupleurum gibraltarium Lam. (Apiaceae) were determined during the pre-flowering, full flowering, late flowering, and fruiting vegetative periods. A fruit sample was also studied for comparative purposes. Leaves (0.8-1.8% yield) and stems (0.3-0.7%) reached their maximum oil content during the late flowering period, whereas umbel rays (2.2-3.7%) reached it in full flowering. Oil samples were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS: components which were found in amounts greater than 2% were selected to carry out a seasonal study. In the leaf oils, sabinene (12.0-33.9%) and limonene (7.8-23.4%) were the main components, the sabinene level being minimum in full flowering and maximum in fruiting. In stem oils, sabinene (4.7-21.6%) and 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde (9.3-13.6%) were the main components, the sabinene level being minimum in pre-flowering and maximum in full flowering. In umbel ray oils, sabinene (20.7-43.1%) was the first component in all the phenological periods, followed by alpha-pinene (7.3-28.2%). Both monoterpenes increased their levels in late flowering and reached minimum amounts in fruiting.
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