Pharmacokinetics and Mammary Residual Depletion of Erythromycin in Healthy Lactating Ewes
2007
Goudah, A. | Sher S.hah, S. | Shin, H.C. | Shim, J.H. | Abd E.l-A.ty, A.M.
The aim of this investigation was to examine the pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of erythromycin administered to lactating ewes (n = 6) by the intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Blood and milk samples were collected at pre-determined times, and a microbiological assay method was used to measure erythromycin concentrations in serum and milk. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic methods. The serum concentration-time data of erythromycin were fit to a two-compartment model after i.v. administration and a one-compartment model with first-order absorption after i.m. and s.c. administration. The elimination half-life (t₁/₂β) was 4.502 ± 1.487 h after i.v. administration, 4.874 ± 0.296 h after i.m. administration and 6.536 ± 0.151 h after s.c. administration. The clearance value (Cltot) after i.v. dosing was 1.292 ± 0.121 l/h/kg. After i.m. and s.c. administration, observed peak erthyromycin concentrations (Cmax) of 0.918 ± 0.092 μg/ml and 0.787 ± 0.010 μg/ml were achieved at 0.75 and 1.0 h (Tmax) respectively. The bioavailability obtained after i.m. and s.c. administration was 91.178 ± 10.232% and 104.573 ± 9.028% respectively. Erythromycin penetration from blood to milk was quick for all the routes of administration, and the high AUCmilk/AUCserum (1.186, 1.057 and 1.108) and Cmax₋milk/Cmax₋serum ratios reached following i.v., i.m. and s.c. administration, respectively, indicated an extensive penetration of erythromycin into the milk.
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