Assessment of multiple mycotoxins in raw milk of three different animal species in Nigeria
2022
Akinyemi, Muiz O. | Braun, Dominik | Windisch, Patrick | Warth, Benedikt | Ezekiel, Chibundu N.
The mycotoxin profile of 135 raw milk samples from camel (n = 25), cow (n = 23) and goat (n = 87) in Nigeria was assessed by an ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS method. Four, seven and 17 of the tested 36 mycotoxins were detected in camel, cow and goat milk, respectively. Among these were aflatoxin P₁, alternariol monomethyl ether, citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, enniatins, ochratoxin α and sterigmatocystin reported for the first time in animal milk. The regulated aflatoxin M₁ contaminated all cow milk (max: 81 ng/L) and 49% of goat milk (max: 3108 ng/L) samples, with 13% and 55%, respectively, exceeding the 50 ng/L EU limit. Aflatoxin M₁ was not detected in camel milk samples. Overall, at least one mycotoxin was detected in 97% of all samples; beauvericin (87%) being the most frequent. Raw animal milk presents an additional source of mycotoxin exposures in the Nigerian populace. Consequently, mycotoxin mitigation should also target the dairy food chain.
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