Parameters Affecting Residue Nitrogen Mineralization in Flooded Soils
Becker, M. | Ladha, J. K. | Simpson, I. C. | Ottow, J. C. G.
If N mineralization from organic residues could be matched to plant uptake, N loss will be reduced. However, it is important to understand the transformations of residues and their controlling factors. Six-week phytotron and two-season field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of soil properties, residue composition, and soil fauna on N mineralization in flooded soils. Seven legume species, three legume-rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw combinations, rice straw alone, and an Azolla sp. were incorporated into two soils (an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll and a Tropofluvent) at 100 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil and incubated for 6 wk. Residue N release in clay was about twice that of sandy soil, but was not correlated with the residues' N, C/N, water, or polyphenol contents. Net N mineralization was correlated to lignin/N (L/N). In the field, Sesbania rostrata Brem. & Oberm. and S. emerus Taub were incorporated at 60 kg N ha⁻¹ 1 d before rice transplanting. Additionally, rice straw was applied at 30 kg N ha⁻¹ alone or with S. rostrata. Soil exchangeable NH⁺₄-N in unplanted light and dark subplots was measured biweekly. As in the phytotron study, initial soil NH⁺₄-N accumulation rates were higher from residues with relatively low L/N (S. rostrata) than from materials with higher L/N (S. emerus and S. rostrata-rice straw mixture). Soil invertebrates were absent from dark subplots, where residue N mineralization during the first 6 wk was 30% lower than in plots exposed to light. The L/N of an applied residue may be a suitable indicator for predicting its N mineralization rate in flooded soils. Soil invertebrates may play a role in N mineralization.
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