The pH dependency of aluminum phytotoxicity alleviation by calcium sulfate
1988
Noble, A.D. | Sumner, M.E. | Alva, A.K.
The alleviation of Al toxicity by CaSO4 is partly due to an increase in formation of less phytotoxic AlSO4+ species. Since ion-pair formation is dependent on the solution pH, the magnitude of alleviation of Al toxicity by CaSO4 may be influenced by pH. In the present study, the alleviation of Al toxicity (80 microM to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] root growth by CaSO4 (625-10 000 microM was investigated in dilute nutrient solutions at pH 4.2 or 4.8. The concentration of monomeric Al (by a modified aluminon technique) in these solutions ranged from 69.3 to 77.7 microM. An increase in CaSO4 in solution (625-10 000 microM) increased the root length by 3- and 2-fold in solutions at pH 4.2 and 4.8, respectively. The predicted activity of Al3+ decreased while that of AlSO4+ increased with an increase in added CaSO4. The magnitude of alleviation of Al toxicity by CaSO4 was smaller at pH 4.8 than at pH 4.2. This pH dependency is due to lesser formation of AlSO4+ at pH 4.8 than at pH 4.2, together with an increase in formation of Al(OH)2+ at pH 4.8. Root length was poorly correlated with the predicted activity of Al3+ (R2 = 0.346) or sum of the activities of Al3+, hydroxy-Al, and AlSO4+ species (R2 = 0.366). However, the relationship was improved when the sum of the activities of A13+, Al(0H)2+ and Al(OH)2+ species was considered (R2 = 0.624) and further improved (R2 = 0.841) when the activities of these species were corrected for their respective valence. A good correlation was also found (R2 - 0.88) between root length and calcium aluminum balance; CAB = [21og(aca2+)] - [31og(aAl3+) + 21og(aAl(OH)2+) + log (aAL(OH)2+)] index.
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