Comparison of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall on counteracting aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks
2010
Zhao, J. | Shirley, R.B. | Dibner, J.D. | Uraizee, F. | Officer, M. | Kitchell, M. | Vazquez-Anon, M. | Knight, C.D.
The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of 2 types of adsorbents [hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) vs. a combination of clay and yeast cell wall] in preventing aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 275 one-day-old birds were randomly divided into 11 treatments, with 5 replicate pens per treatment and 5 chicks per pen. The 11 treatments included 3 diets without any adsorbent containing either 0, 1, or 2 mg/kg of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) plus 8 additional treatments employing 2 dietary levels of AFB₁ (1 or 2 mg/kg), 2 different adsorbents [Solis (SO) and MTB-100 (MTB)], and 2 different levels of each absorbent (0.1 and 0.2%) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Solis is a mixture of different HSCAS and MTB is a combination of clay and yeast cell wall. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 21-d study period. Body weight gain and feed intake were depressed and relative liver weight was increased in chicks fed AFB₁ compared with the positive control (P < 0.05). Severe liver damage was observed in chicks fed 2 mg/kg of AFB₁ with lesions consistent with aflatoxicosis, including fatty liver and vacuolar degeneration. Serum glucose, albumin, total protein, Ca, P, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were reduced by AFB₁ (P < 0.05). The addition of either SO or MTB ameliorated the negative effects of 1 mg/kg of AFB₁ on growth performance and liver damage (P < 0.05). However, supplemental MTB failed to diminish the negative effects of 2 mg/kg of AFB₁, whereas SO was more effective compared with MTB at 2 mg/kg of AFB₁ (P < 0.05). These data indicate that the HSCAS product effectively ameliorated the negative effect of AFB₁ on growth performance and liver damage, whereas the yeast cell wall product was less effective especially at the higher AFB₁ concentration.
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