In vitro cytotoxicity of Australian tea tree oil using human cell lines
1997
Hayes, A.J. | Leach, D.N. | Markham, J.L. | Markovic, B.
Cytotoxicity of Australian tea tree oil (oil of Melaleuca alternifolia) and its major oxygenated monoterpenes: terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole and alpha-terpineol were investigated using the MTS [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5 (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl) 2H-tetrazolium)] assay at two exposure times: 4 and 24 h on five different human cell lines. These cell lines included: Hep G2, a hepatocellular carcinomic human cell line; HeLa, an epithelioid carcinomic cell line; MOLT-4, a human lymphoblastic leukaemic T-cell line; K-562, a human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell line; and CTVR-1, an early B-cell line from the bone marrow cells of a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. The overall rating for cytotoxicity of tea tree oil and its components was alpha-terpineol>tea tree oil>terpinen-4-ol>1,8-cineole and with comparison with the controls used mercuric chloride>tea tree oil>aspirin. Antimicrobial activity (MICs) displayed a similar pattern where alpha-terpineol>terpinen-4-ol>tea tree oil>1,8-cineole. The IC50 (a concentration that causes a reduction by half of the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase) value of tea tree oil ranged from 0.02 g/L for the Hep G2 cell line to 2.8 g/L for the HeLa cell line.
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