Divergent effects of Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids on mammary tumor development in C3H/Heston mice treated with DMBA
1989
Cameron, E. | Bland, J. | Marcuson, R.
The effects of Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids on breast cancer incidence have been examined in female C3H/Heston mice. Two consecutive experiments were performed. In the first study, 300 mice were randomized into groups of 50, and each group was fed a modified standard mouse chow. Standard mouse chow contains 6 percent of fat supplied by coconut oil. This diet was first modified to contain only 3 percent coconut oil, plus 3 percent of the test oils under study; these were lard as a regulatory control, and corn oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, fish oil, and oil of evening primrose. The appearance of breast tumors was accelerated by the administration of DMBA (1 mg intragastrically each week for six weeks) following a standard protocol. The results of this first study were quite inconclusive due to tumor multiplicity affecting all groups. The study was then repeated omitting the coconut oil and with the dietary proportion of the same test oils increased to 6 percent (providing the only source of fat in the diet), and, at the same time, the dose of carcinogen was reduced by 50 percent (1 mg intragastrically every two weeks for six weeks). The results of this second study demonstrated that oils of the predominantly Omega-6 group (safflower oil and corn oil) had a significant tumor promoting effect, whereas oils of the predominantly Omega-3 group (linseed oil and fish oil) had a significant preventive effect, relative to each other. Oil of evening primrose appeared to have an intermediate effect. The significance of these findings and their possible relevance to human cancer epidemiology is briefly discussed.
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