Bioavailability of cadmium to celery (Apium graveolens L.) grown in acidic and Cd-contaminated greenhouse soil as affected by the application of hydroxyapatite with different particle sizes
2020
Yang, Lanqin | Liu, Benle | Lu, Yuanyuan | Lu, Fangyi | Wu, Xiangyang | You, Wenhua | Huang, Biao
Cadmium contamination in greenhouse vegetable fields greatly limited the sustainable production especially of leafy vegetables. Hydroxyapatite (HAP), as a common soil amendment, has been widely used in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils, while its remediation efficiency greatly depends on its particle sizes. In this study, a rhizobag pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of HAP (<60 nm, <12 μm and <80 μm) on bioavailability of Cd to celery grown in acidic and slightly Cd-contaminated greenhouse soil. The results suggested that HAP with the largest particle size (<80 μm) had the best effectiveness in reducing Cd uptake especially by the edible part of celery. Specifically, the increase in HAP (<80 μm) addition from 0.5% to 3% prominently reduced Cd concentrations in celery shoot by 19.6%–76.8% as compared with the untreated group. Also, adding HAP (<80 μm) especially at 3% significantly decreased translocation factor (TF) of Cd from celery root to shoot by 30.6% and reduced bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd from rhizosphere soil to celery shoot by 76.4%. These were predominantly associated with the significantly increased soil pH and the subsequently decreased soil CaCl₂–Cd concentration after adding HAP (<80 μm). Overall, although rhizosphere soil pH was the key factor in controlling Cd uptake by edible celery and regulating BCF and TF of Cd, insignificant root-induced acidification had limited effect on the immobilization efficiency of Cd by HAP (<80 μm). In conclusion, HAP (<80 μm) has good potential for the remediation of Cd-contaminated greenhouse soils.
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