The genetic legacy of the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa
Fortes-Lima, Cesar, A | Burgarella, Concetta | Hammarén, Rickard | Eriksson, Anders | Vicente, Mário | Jolly, Cecile | Semo, Armando | Gunnink, Hilde | Pacchiarotti, Sara | Mundeke, Leon | Matonda, Igor | Muluwa, Joseph Koni | Coutros, Peter | Nyambe, Terry, S. | Cikomola, Justin Cirhuza | Coetzee, Vinet | de Castro, Minique | Ebbesen, Peter | Delanghe, Joris | Stoneking, Mark | Barham, Lawrence | Lombard, Marlize | Meyer, Anja | Steyn, Maryna | Malmström, Helena | Rocha, Jorge | Soodyall, Himla | Pakendorf, Brigitte | Bostoen, Koen | Schlebusch, Carina, M. | Uppsala University | Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Institute of Genomics [Tartu, Estonia] ; Faculty of Science and Technology [University of Tartu] ; Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie]-Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie] | Stockholm University | Centre for Palaeogenetics (CPG) ; Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM)-Stockholm University | Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos [Vairao] (CIBIO) ; Universidade do Porto = University of Porto | Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning (BIOPOLIS) | Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP) ; Universidade do Porto = University of Porto | Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand (UGENT) | Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL) ; Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University | University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN) | Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Kikwit | Livingstone Museum | Catholic University of Bukavu | Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology [Pretoria] ; University of Pretoria [South Africa] | Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform | Department of Health Science and Technology ; Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU) | Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of Evolutionary Genetics ; Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie = Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA) ; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft | University of Liverpool | University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ) | University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS) | Academy of Science of South Africa | Dynamique Du Langage (DDL) ; Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | IMBIM/NBIS/SciLifeLab ; Uppsala University | This project was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme: AfricanNeo Project awarded to C.M.S. (grant no. 759933). The aDNA work in the project is funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation grant to C.M.S. Sample collection in the DRC was funded by the ERC-CoG awarded to K.B. for the BantuFirst project (grant no. 724275). Sample collection in Zambia was funded by the Max Planck Society. B.P. acknowledges support from the ASLAN Project of the Universite de Lyon (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-0081) in the French programme 'Investments for the Future' operated by the National Research Agency (ANR). C.A.F.-L. received support from the Marcus Borgstroems Foundation and the Sven and Lilly Lawski Foundation. C.B. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship Programme (grant no. 839643). H.G. and S.P. received support from the Research Foundation Flanders (postdoctoral grant nos. 12P8423N and 12ZV721N, respectively). H.M. was supported by the Swedish Research Council (grant no. 2017-02503) and by the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (grant no. P21-0266). A.E. was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 810645) and through the European Regional Development Fund (project no. MOBEC008). | ANR-10-LABX-0081,ASLAN,Advanced Studies on Language Complexity(2010)
This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2013). DNA samples were collected with informed consent from participants. Ethical permits and sampling permission were obtained in African countries (Methods) and the study as a whole was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Board (DNR-2021-01448). The sampling for this study emerged from population genetic and archaeology projects that involved local research institutions and the participation of local communities. Local institution involvement included research design, selection of archaeological material for analyses, modern-day DNA sample collection, community involvement, permit clearance, feedback on analyses, help with writing and feedback on the manuscript. Before submission of this study for publication, the corresponding author and first author participated in-person in the ICHG conference held in Cape Town, as well as held online presentations and meetings with local researchers.
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. The expansion of people speaking Bantu languages is the most dramatic demographic event in Late Holocene Africa and fundamentally reshaped the linguistic, cultural and biological landscape of the continent 1–7 . With a comprehensive genomic dataset, including newly generated data of modern-day and ancient DNA from previously unsampled regions in Africa, we contribute insights into this expansion that started 6,000–4,000 years ago in western Africa. We genotyped 1,763 participants, including 1,526 Bantu speakers from 147 populations across 14 African countries, and generated whole-genome sequences from 12 Late Iron Age individuals 8 . We show that genetic diversity amongst Bantu-speaking populations declines with distance from western Africa, with current-day Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo as possible crossroads of interaction. Using spatially explicit methods 9 and correlating genetic, linguistic and geographical data, we provide cross-disciplinary support for a serial-founder migration model. We further show that Bantu speakers received significant gene flow from local groups in regions they expanded into. Our genetic dataset provides an exhaustive modern-day African comparative dataset for ancient DNA studies 10 and will be important to a wide range of disciplines from science and humanities, as well as to the medical sector studying human genetic variation and health in African and African-descendant populations.
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