Developing core collections to optimize the management and the exploitation of diversity of the coffee Coffea canephora
Leroy, Thierry | de Bellis, Fabien | Legnate, Hyacinthe | Musoli, Pascal | Kalonji, Adrien | Loor Solorzano, Rey Gaston | Cubry, Philippe | Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Centre National de Recherche Agronomique de Côte d'Ivoire (CNRA) | Coffee Research Centre (COREC) | University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN) | Estación Experimental Pichilingue ; Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) | Unité de Recherches Forestières Méditerranéennes (URFM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
The management of diversity for conservation and breeding is of great importance for all plant species and is particularly true in perennial species, such as the coffee Coffea canephora. This species exhibits a large genetic and phenotypic diversity with six different diversity groups. Large field collections are available in the Ivory Coast, Uganda and other Asian, American and African countries but are very expensive and time consuming to establish and maintain in large areas. We propose to improve coffee germplasm management through the construction of genetic core collections derived from a set of 565 accessions that are characterized with 13 microsatellite markers. Core collections of 12, 24 and 48 accessions were defined using two methods aimed to maximize the allelic diversity (Maximization strategy) or genetic distance (Maximum-Length Sub-Tree method). A composite core collection of 77 accessions is proposed for both objectives of an optimal management of diversity and breeding. This core collection presents a gene diversity value of 0.8 and exhibits the totality of the major alleles (i.e., 184) that are present in the initial set. The seven proposed core collections constitute a valuable tool for diversity management and a foundation for breeding programs. The use of these collections for collection management in research centers and breeding perspectives for coffee improvement are discussed.
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