PHYLOGENETIC ASPECTS OF PROGRESSIVE BREEDING Pisum sativum L. REVIEW ARTICLE
2024
Zelenov, A.N. | Zelenov, A.A.
In this paper, the turning points of progressive pea breeding are designated as breeding generations. The first is represented by long-stemmed, lodging leafy varieties. Switching to short-stemmed leafy varieties of the second generation doubled seed production and slightly reduced lodging. Third-generation tendril varieties provided relative cenosis stability, but biologically the stem remained liana-like. All transformations took place by increasing to the biologically possible limit of harvest index at the same level of bioenergy potential, which in the first approximation is estimated by the value of total biomass. Further progress is being made by involving in breeding pea forms with ancestral traits whose leaf architectonics and photosynthetic potential are controlled by two supergenes: chameleon (af unitac), dissected leaflet (af tacA), multipinnate (af tlW). However, they are not resistant enough to lodging. The chameleon morphotype varieties Spartak and Jaguar, approved for use in Russia, represent the fourth breeding generation. A radical transformation of Pisum L. should be expected from the neotenic, phylogenetically heterophyllic form Trifol, with the use of which highly productive, non-lodging lines have already been obtained. Taking into account the synteny of Medicago Truncatula with the pea genome and the presence of a number of similar characters in it, it has been suggested that Pisum L. originated from one of the representatives of Medicago L.
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