Genomic insights into the secondary aquatic transition of penguins
Cole, Theresa L. | Zhou, Chengran | Fang, Miaoquan | Pan, Hailin | Ksepka, Daniel T. | Fiddaman, Steven R. | Emerling, Christopher, A | Thomas, Daniel B. | Bi, Xupeng | Fang, Qi | Ellegaard, Martin R. | Feng, Shaohong | Smith, Adrian L. | Heath, Tracy A. | Tennyson, Alan J.D. | Borboroglu, Pablo García | Wood, Jamie R. | Hadden, Peter W. | Grosser, Stefanie | Bost, Charles‐André | Cherel, Yves | Mattern, Thomas | Hart, Tom | Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S | Shepherd, Lara D. | Phillips, Richard A. | Quillfeldt, Petra | Masello, Juan F. | Bouzat, Juan L. | Ryan, Peter, G | Thompson, David R. | Ellenberg, Ursula | Dann, Peter | Miller, Gary | Boersma, P Dee | Zhao, Ruoping | Gilbert, M. Thomas P. | Yang, Huanming | Zhang, De-Xing | Zhang, Guojie | Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics [Copenhagen, Denmark] ; IT University of Copenhagen (ITU) | BGIShenzhen | Bruce Museum [USA] | Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research ; University of Oxford | Reedley College [Reedley, CA, USA] | School of Natural Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand] ; Massey University | Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI) | Center for Evolutionary Hologenomicss [Copenhagen, Denmark] ; IT University of Copenhagen (ITU) | Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology ; Iowa State University (ISU) | Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa | Center for Ecosystem Sentinels [Seattle, USA] ; University of Washington [Seattle] | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology [Adelaide, Australia] ; University of Adelaide | New Zealand National Eye Centre [Auckland, New Zealand] ; University of Auckland [Auckland] | Department of Zoology ; University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande] | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics ; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU) | Bowling Green State University (BGSU) | Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology ; University of Cape Town | National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. [New Zealand] | Global Penguin Society [Argentina] | Phillip Island Nature Parks [Australia] | Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Australia] ; The University of Western Australia (UWA) | State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution ; Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS) | Globe Institute ; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences ; University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH) | Center for Computational and Evolutionary Biology & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents [Beijing, China] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS) | Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics ; University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Penguins lost the ability to fly more than 60 million years ago, subsequently evolving a hyper-specialized marine body plan. Within the framework of a genome-scale, fossil-inclusive phylogeny, we identify key geological events that shaped penguin diversification and genomic signatures consistent with widespread refugia/recolonization during major climate oscillations. We further identify a suite of genes potentially underpinning adaptations related to thermoregulation, oxygenation, diving, vision, diet, immunity and body size, which might have facilitated their remarkable secondary transition to an aquatic ecology. Our analyses indicate that penguins and their sister group (Procellariiformes) have the lowest evolutionary rates yet detected in birds. Together, these findings help improve our understanding of how penguins have transitioned to the marine environment, successfully colonizing some of the most extreme environments on Earth.
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