Evaluating changes in marine communities that provide ecosystem services through comparative assessments of community indicators
Kleisner, Kristin M. | Coll, Marta | Lynam, Christopher P. | Bundy, Alida | Shannon, Lynne | Shin, Yunne Jai | Boldt, Jennifer L. | Borges, Maria F. | Diallo, Ibrahima | Fox, Clive | Gascuel, Didier, D. | Heymans, Johanna J. | Jorda, Maria. J. Juan | Jouffre, Didier | Large, Scott I. | Marshall, Kristin N. | Ojaveer, Henn | Piroddi, Chiara | Tam, Jorge | Torres, Maria A. | Travers-Trolet, Morgane | Tsagarakis, Konstantinos | van Der Meeren, Gro I. | Zador, Stephani | Sea Around Us Project ; University of British Columbia [Canada] (UBC) | Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) ; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités (UMR EME) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Lowestoft Laboratory ; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) | Population Ecology Division ; Institut océanographique Bedford - Bedford Oceanographic Institute [Dartmouth, Canada] (IOB) | Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences ; University of Cape Town | Pacific Biological Station (PBS) ; Fisheries and Oceans Canada = Pêches et Océans Canada [Ottawa] (DFO-MPO) | Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) | Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura (CNSHB) | Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) | Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Marine Research Division, ; AZTI - Centro de Investigación Marina y Alimentaria | Earth to Ocean Research Group (SFU) ; Simon Fraser University = Université Simon Fraser (SFU.ca) | Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym) ; Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (University of Washington) | Estonian Marine Institute ; Faculty of Science and Technology [University of Tartu] ; Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie]-Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie] | Water Resources Unit [Ispra] ; JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) ; European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC) | Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) | Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz ; Instituto Español de Oceanografía - Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Institute of Coastal Research ; Department of Aquatic Resources ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques de Boulogne (LRHBL) ; Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters (IMBRIW) ; Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) | Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics | Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) ; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | European Project: 212085,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2007-1,MEECE(2008)
We would like to thank the IndiSeas Working Group, endorsed by IOC-UNESCO (www.ioc-unesco.org) and the European Network of Excellence Euroceans (www.eur-oceans.eu). KMK was supported by Conservation International and the Sea Around Us project, a collaboration between The University of British Columbia and The Pew Charitable Trusts. MC was partially supported by the EC Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. LJS was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). YJS and MIT were supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-11). US and YS were also funded by the European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7, Contract no. 212085). CPL was supported by Defra project MF1228 (From Physics to Fisheries) and DEVOTES (DEVelopment of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) funded by EU FP7 (grant Agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu. GIvdM was partially supported by the Norwegian Nature Index programme and the Institute of Marine Research, Norway. HO was funded was funded by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant SF0180005s10). MAT was funded by a predoctoral FPI fellowship from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). MJJJ was supported by the EC Marie Curie IOF Grant, PIOF-GA-2013-628116. We acknowledge all those who conducted surveys to collect the data used in this study.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Fisheries provide critical provisioning services, especially given increasing human population. Understanding where marine communities are declining provides an indication of ecosystems of concern and highlights potential conflicts between seafood provisioning from wild fisheries and other ecosystem services. Here we use the nonparametric statistic, Kendall's tau, to assess trends in biomass of exploited marine species across a range of ecosystems. The proportion of 'Non-Declining Exploited Species' (NDES) is compared among ecosystems and to three community-level indicators that provide a gauge of the ability of a marine ecosystem to function both in provisioning and as a regulating service: survey-based mean trophic level, proportion of predatory fish, and mean life span. In some ecosystems, NDES corresponds to states and temporal trajectories of the community indicators, indicating deteriorating conditions in both the exploited community and in the overall community. However differences illustrate the necessity of using multiple ecological indicators to reflect the state of the ecosystem. For each ecosystem, we discuss patterns in NDES with respect to the community-level indicators and present results in the context of ecosystem-specific drivers. We conclude that using NDES requires context-specific supporting information in order to provide guidance within a management framework. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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