Relationships between South American and Asian accessions of Capsicum spp. based on morphological characterization, aroma components and DNA polymorphism
2023
Ortega Morales, C.F. | Irie, K. | Kawase, M.
Cultivation of the genus Capsicum began in South America 10,000 years ago, and its edible importance in this area is attributed to the pungency and aroma of the fruits. In 1493, during Christopher Columbus' first expedition to America, chili pepper began its dispersion around the world. A domesticated species 'Shwe Lan Bo' probably identified as C chinense, is preferred by locals in northern Myanmar and northeastern India. However, it is uncertain and somehow limitedly known how this species migrated and dispersed in Asia. To understand the linkages, this study compares 68 accessions of Capsicum spp. from South America and Asia, which were cultivated under controlled conditions in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The accessions were characterized for 20 morphological parameters, aroma composition by by Gas Chromatography (GC/MS), and analysis of genetic diversity based CytP450 markers. Morphologically, 'Shwe Lan Bo' from Myanmar and 'Bhut Jolokia' from India shared similar characteristics in red, rough, and triangular fruits. In addition these accessions shared the same volatile compounds (esters and terpenoids), as did the South American C chinense. Molecular analysis revealed Myanmar accessions maintain a closer genetic relation to C. chinense frorm South American compared to 'Bhut Jolokia'. Although Myanmar and India are geographically close, it raises the possibility that they do not share the common origin of Shwe Lan Bo' (C. chinense).
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