The harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method: From knowledge to action
Egger, Lotti | Ménard, Olivia | Delgado-Andrade, Cristina | Alvito, Paula | Assunção, Ricardo | Balance, Simon | Barberá, Reyes | Brodkorb, Andre | Cattenoz, Thomas | Clemente, Alfonso | Comi, Irene | Dupont, Didier | Garcia-Llatas, Guadalupe | Lagarda, María Jesús | Le Feunteun, Steven | Janssenduijghuijsen, Lonneke | Karakaya, Sibel | Lesmes, Uri | Mackie, Alan R. | Martins, Carla | Meynier, Anne | Miralles, Beatriz | Murray, Brent S. | Pihlanto, Anne | Picariello, Gianluca | Santos, Claudia N. | Simsek, Sebnem | Recio, Isidra | Rigby, Neil | Rioux, Laurie-Eve | Stoffers, Helena | Tavares, Ana | Tavares, Lucelia | Turgeon, Sylvie | Ulleberg, Ellen K. | Vegarud, Gerd E. | Vergères, Guy | Portmann, Reto | Agroscope | Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin | Food and Nutrition Department ; Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA) | Food and Nutrition Department ; Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA) | Norwegian Institute of Food,Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA) | Nutrition and Food Science Area ; Universitat de València = University of Valencia (UV) | Teagasc Food Research Centre [Fermoy, Ireland] | Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science ; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Ege University, Engineering Faculty Department of Food Engineering | Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion ; Israel Institute of Technology | Institute of Food Research | Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA) | Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Instituto de Investigaciòn en Ciencias de la Alimentaciòn (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) | School of Food Science and Nutrition ; University of Leeds | Natural Resource Institute Finland (LUKE) New Business Opportunities | Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) | Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB) ; Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA) | Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET) | Institute of Food Research, Norwich | STELA Dairy Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods | Chercheur indépendant | Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA) | Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) | Cost Infogest
Within the active field of in vitro digestion in food research, the COST Action INFOGEST aimed to harmonizein vitro protocols simulating human digestion on the basis of physiologically inferred conditions. A harmonizedstatic in vitro digestion (IVD) method was recently published as a primary output from this network. To validatethis protocol, inter-laboratory trials were conducted within the INFOGEST network. A first study was performedusing skim milk powder (SMP) as a model food and served to compare the different in-house digestion protocolsused among the INFOGEST members. In a second inter-laboratory study applying the harmonized protocol, thedegree of consistency in protein hydrolysis was investigated. Analysis of the hydrolyzed proteins, after the gastric and intestinal phases, showed that caseins were mainly hydrolyzed during the gastric phase, whereas β-lactoglobulin was, as previously shown, resistant to pepsin. Moreover, generation of free amino acids occurredmainly during the intestinal phase.The study also showed that a few critical steps were responsible for the remaining inter-laboratory variability.The largest deviations arose from the determination of pepsin activity. Therefore, this step was further clarified,harmonized, and implemented in a third inter-laboratory study.The presentwork gives an overviewof all three inter-laboratory studies, showing that the IVD INFOGEST methodhas led to an increased consistency that enables a better comparability of in vitro digestion studies in the future.
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