A high-protein, moderate-energy, regular cheesy snack is energetically compensated in human subjects
Potier, Mylène | Fromentin, Gilles | Calvez, Juliane | Benamouzig, Robert | Martin-Rouas, Christine | Pichon, Lisa | Tomé, Daniel | Marsset-Baglieri, Agnès | Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France (CRNH-IDF) ; Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] (Cnam)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) | Armor Proteines | Département de Gastroentérologie ; Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille] | SB Alliance | INRA
Snacking is often regarded as a cause of overweight. However, the main issue is to determine whether the consumption of snacks leads to an increase in energy intake or whether a compensation phenomenon exists and maintains daily energy intake at a constant level. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the repeated consumption of a high-protein, moderate-energy, cheesy snack given as a preload 1 h before a meal altered energy intake at the next meal and then throughout the day, and if this kind of snack was energetically compensated. Normal-weight women (n 27) were recruited for the study. All subjects were healthy non-smokers, aged 18-60 years. The snacks consisted of portions of cheese containing 22 g protein, with an energy value of 836 kJ. Two types of snack were compared, differing in terms of the type of milk proteins they contained: the first contained casein only (CAS), while the second contained a mixture of casein and whey proteins (WHEY+CAS; 2:1). The principal finding of the present study was that the ingestion of the two snacks 1 h before lunch led to energy compensation of 83.1 (SEM 9.4) and 67.0 (SEM 16.4) % for WHEY+CAS and CAS respectively, at lunch, and 121.6 (SEM 36.5) and 142.1 (SEM 29.7) % for WHEY+CAS and CAS respectively, regarding the whole-day energy intake. In conclusion, the repeated consumption of a high-protein, moderate-energy, regular cheesy snack should not promote overweight because energy intake appears to be regulated during subsequent meals on the same day.
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