Seasonal plasticity in sympatric Bicyclus butterflies in a tropical forest where temperature does not predict rainfall
Mallick, Soumen | Granados‐tello, Jorge | van Bergen, Erik | Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa | Brattström, Oskar | Brakefield, Paul M | Molleman, Freerk | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes (OSERen) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg = University of Würzburg [Würsburg, Germany] (JMU) | Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM) | Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) | Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) | University of Glasgow | Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu = Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM) | Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India: DST/INSPIRE/04/2013/000476 | Narodowe Centrum Nauki: 2021/43/B/NZ8/00966 | European Research Council: ERC‐2009‐AdG_250325
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. While variation in temperature appears to be the main environmental cue for plasticity in adult traits in many species of Mycalesina, relying on temperature would result in a mismatch between adult phenotype and environment in some regions. We measured phenotypes of six species of Bicyclus butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) in a humid tropical forest with two rainy seasons per year and modest unimodal seasonal temperature variation, such that temperature does not predict rainfall and butterflies can reproduce year‐round. The butterflies showed subtle temporal variation in body size and relative eyespot size, while relative androconia length was robust to temporal environmental variation. After higher temperatures, body size tended be smaller, and relative eyespot size was larger for some species‐eyespot combinations. This indicates that these butterflies follow the “hotter is smaller” rule, and show developmental plasticity in eyespot size that is typical in this clade. Eyespot sizes tended to be correlated with each other, except Cu1 in B. auricruda and some eyespots that always remained very small. Androconia length was not related to eyespot size. This pattern of correlations suggests conserved cue‐use and shared mechanisms for eyespot size using both temperature and rainfall‐related cues, with some exceptions.
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