The symbiotic intestinal ciliates and the evolution of their hosts
2014
Moon-van Der Staay, Seung Yeo | van Der Staay, Georg W. M. | Michalowski, Tadeusz | Jouany, J Pierre | Pristas, Peter | Javorsky, Peter | Kisidayova, Svetlana | Varadyova, Zora | Mcewan, Neil R. | Newbold, C. Jamie | van Alen, Theo | de Graaf, Rob | Schmid, Markus | Huynen, Martijn A. | Hackstein, Johannes H. P. | Department of Evolutionary Microbiology ; Radboud University [Nijmegen] | Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences = Académie polonaise des sciences (PAN) | Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS) | Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) | Rowett Research Institute ; University of Aberdeen | Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) ; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University | Universität Wien = University of Vienna | Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen] (RadboudUMC) | European Union; ERCULE; CIMES; Scottish Executive Environmental and Rural Affairs Department; Dagmar Thierer, IZW, Berlin
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. The evolution of sophisticated differentiations of the gastro-intestinal tract enabled herbivorous mammals to digest dietary cellulose and hemicellulose with the aid of a complex anaerobic microbiota. Distinctive symbiotic ciliates, which are unique to this habitat, are the largest representatives of this microbial community. Analyses of a total of 484 different 18S rRNA genes show that extremely complex, but related ciliate communities can occur in the rumen of cattle, sheep, goats and red deer (301 sequences). The communities in the hindgut of equids (Equus caballus, Equus quagga), and elephants (Elephas maximus, Loxodonta africanus; 162 sequences), which are clearly distinct from the ruminant ciliate biota, exhibit a much higher diversity than anticipated on the basis of their morphology. All these ciliates from the gastro-intestinal tract constitute a monophyletic group, which consists of two major taxa, i.e. Vestibuliferida and Entodiniomorphida. The ciliates from the evolutionarily older hindgut fermenters exhibit a clustering that is specific for higher taxa of their hosts, as extant species of horse and zebra on the one hand, and Africa and Indian elephant on the other hand, share related ciliates. The evolutionary younger ruminants altogether share the various entodiniomorphs and the vestibuliferids from ruminants. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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