Challenges facing European agriculture and possible biotechnological solutions.
Ricroch, Agnès | Harwood, Wendy | Svobodová, Zdeňka | Sági, László | Hundleby, Penelope | Badea, Elena Marcela | Rosca, Ioan | Cruz, Gabriela | Salema Fevereiro, Manuel Pedro | Marfà Riera, Victoria | Jansson, Stefan | Morandini, Piero | Bojinov, Bojin | Cetiner, Selim | Custers, René | Schrader, Uwe | Jacobsen, Hans-Joerg | Martin-Laffon, Jacqueline | Boisron, Audrey | Kuntz, Marcel | AgroParisTech | John Innes Centre [Norwich] ; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) | University of South Bohemia | Institute of Plant Biology [Hungary] ; Biological Research Centre [Budapest] (BRC) ; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) | Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy | University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine-Bucharest | APOSOLO | Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB) ; Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA) | Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) | Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC) ; Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI) | Agricultural University [Plovdiv] | Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (Sabanci University) ; Sabanci University [Istanbul] | Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB) | InnoPlantae V. | Leibniz Universität Hannover = Leibniz University Hannover | Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG) ; Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | INRA, Direction de la Valorisation
International audience
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Agriculture faces many challenges to maximize yields while it is required to operate in anenvironmentally sustainable manner. In the present study, we analyze the major agriculturalchallenges identified by European farmers (primarily related to biotic stresses) in 13 countries,namely Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal,Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK and Turkey, for nine major crops (barley, beet, grapevine, maize,oilseed rape, olive, potato, sunflower and wheat). Most biotic stresses (BSs) are related to fungior insects, but viral diseases, bacterial diseases and even parasitic plants have an importantimpact on yield and harvest quality. We examine how these challenges have been addressed bypublic and private research sectors, using either conventional breeding, marker-assistedselection, transgenesis, cisgenesis, RNAi technology or mutagenesis. Both national surveys andscientific literature analysis followed by text mining were employed to evaluate geneticengineering (GE) and non-GE approaches. This is the first report of text mining of the scientificliterature on plant breeding and agricultural biotechnology research. For the nine major cropsin Europe, 128 BS challenges were identified with 40% of these addressed neither in thescientific literature nor in recent European public research programs. We found evidence thatthe private sector was addressing only a few of these ‘‘neglected’’ challenges. Consequently,there are considerable gaps between farmer’s needs and current breeding and biotechnologyresearch. We also provide evidence that the current political situation in certain Europeancountries is an impediment to GE research in order to address these agricultural challengesin the future. This study should also contribute to the decision-making process on futurepertinent international consortia to fill the identified research gaps.
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