Pemilahan Benih Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) serta Hubungan Ukuran Benih dengan Mutu Benih | Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seed Sorting and The Relationship of Seed Size with Seed Quality

Kedelai merupakan komoditas palawija penting dan permintaan konsumsinya terus meningkat. Produktivitas kedelai nasional tergolong rendah sehingga belum mampu memenuhi permintaan nasional. Produksi kedelai nasional dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan benih bermutu. Mutu benih sangat berkaitan dengan ukuran benih. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu benih kedelai. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor ukuran benih yang terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu ukuran besar, sedang, kecil, dan campuran, serta dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga ulangan. Varietas Grobogan ukurannya relatif lebih besar dibandingkan varietas Demas 1. Benih Grobogan dengan diameter ≥ 0,67 cm dikategorikan benih ukuran besar, sedangkan diameter ≤ 0,61 cm dikategorikan benih berukuran kecil. Benih Demas 1, ukuran besar memiliki diameter ≥ 0,50 cm dan benih ukuran kecil memiliki diameter ≤ 0,47 cm. Ukuran benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot kering kecambah normal varietas Grobogan dan Demas 1, dan pengaruh nyata terhadap indeks vigor benih kedelai varietas Demas 1. Ukuran benih kecil Demas 1 menunjukkan indeks vigor dan BKKN tertinggi, sebaliknya ukuran benih besar Grobogan menunjukkan BKKN tertinggi. Ukuran benih kecil menunjukkan daya hantar listrik lebih rendah. Benih ukuran kecil menunjukkan kemunduran vigor yang relatif lebih rendah setelah pengusangan cepat. Laju imbibisi dipengaruhi luas penampang yang dibuktikan dengan varietas Grobogan yang memiliki ukuran lebih besar memiliki laju imbibisi lebih besar dibandingkan benih kedelai Demas 1. Pemilahan benih kedelai mampu memisahkan benih menjadi empat kategori, dan benih berkategori kecil memiliki viabilitas, vigor, dan vigor daya simpan lebih tinggi.

Soybean is an important grain commodities and its consumption demand increases, yearly. Soybean productivity in Indonesia is recorded low, and could not suply the national demand. Soybean production could be increased by encourage the use of seed high-quality. Seed quality closely correlates to seed size. The research was aimed to obtaine the seed size effect on viability and vigor of soybean seed. A Randomized Completely Design with three replications was applied, and the factor was seed size that consist of four sizes, i.e. large, immadiate, medium, small, and mixture. Grobogan variety had a larger size than Demas 1. Seed size chategorizes on Grobogan were ≥ 0,67 cm (large) and ≤ 0,61 cm (small), while on Demas 1 were ≥ 0,50 cm (large) and ≤ 0,47 cm (small). The seed size has a significant effect on dry weight of normal seedling (DWNS) both variety, and vigor index of Demas 1. Small seed resulted the highest vigor index and DWNS on Demas 1, contrary, large seed showed the highest DWNS on Grobogan. Small seed also resulted the lowest electry conductivity more than other sizes. Small seed manifested the lower vigor detioration after accelarate ageing test, relatively. Imibition rates exteremly affected by cross-sectional area of the seed. It was evidenced of Grobogan that chategorized was large seed, where its imbibition rates higher than Demas 1. Sortation of soybean seed could separated the seed in four size groups, i.e. small, medium, large, and mixture. Small seed indicated the high viability, vigor, and seed longevity-vigor.