Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites
Mitchard, Edward T. A. | Feldpausch, Ted R. | Brienen, Roel J. W. | Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela | Monteagudo, Abel | Baker, Timothy R. | Lewis, Simon L. | Lloyd, Jon | Quesada, Carlos A. | Gloor, Manuel | ter Steege, Hans | Meir, Patrick | Alvarez, Esteban | Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro | Aragao, Luiz E. O. C. | Arroyo, Luzmila | Aymard, Gerardo | Banki, Olaf | Bonal, Damien | Brown, Sandra | Brown, Foster I. | Ceron, Carlos E. | Chama Moscoso, Victor | Chave, Jérôme | Comiskey, James A. | Cornejo, Fernando | Corrales Medina, Massiel | da Costa, Lola | Costa, Flavia R. C. | Di Fiore, Anthony | Domingues, Tomas F. | Erwin, Terry L. | Frederickson, Todd | Higuchi, Niro | Honorio Coronado, Euridice N. | Killeen, Tim J. | Laurance, William F. | Levis, Carolina | Magnusson, William E. | Marimon, Beatriz S. | Marimon Junior, Ben Hur | Mendoza Polo, Irina | Mishra, Piyush | Nascimento, Marcelo T. | Neill, David | Nunez Vargas, Mario P. | Palacios, Walter A. | Parada, Alexander | Pardo Molina, Guido | Pena-Claros, Marielos | Pitman, Nigel | Peres, Carlos A. | Poorter, Lourens | Prieto, Adriana | Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma | Restrepo Correa, Zorayda | Roopsind, Anand | Roucoux, Katherine H. | Rudas, Agustin | Salomao, Emilio | Schietti, Juliana | Silveira, Marcos | de Souza, Priscila F. | Steininger, Marc K. | Stropp, Juliana | Terborgh, John | Thomas, Raquel | Toledo, Marisol | Torres-Lezama, Armando | van Andel, Tinde R. | van Der Heijden, Geertje M. F. | Vieira, Ima | Vieira, Simone | Vilanova-Torre, Emilio | Vos, Vincent A. | Wang, Ophelia | Zartman, Charles E. | Malhi, Yadvinder | Phillips, Oliver L. | School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] ; The University of Edinburgh | University of Exeter | School of Geography [Leeds] ; University of Leeds | Missouri Botanical Garden | University College of London [London] (UCL) | Imperial College London | Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia = National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) | Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden] | Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht] | Research School of Biology [Canberra, Australia] ; Australian National University (ANU) | Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM) | Jardín Botánico de Medellín | Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) ; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação | Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare ; Herbario Universitario PORT | Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) ; Universiteit van Amsterdam = University of Amsterdam (UvA) | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock International ; Institut Ecosystem Unit Winrock International | Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC) | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Herbario Nacional del Ecuador | Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) | Universidad Nacional de San Agustín (UNSA) | Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA) | University of Texas at Austin [Austin] | Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP) | Smithsonian Institution | Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi ; Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA) | World Wide Fund (WWF) | James Cook University (JCU) | Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering [Roorkee] ; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) | Norte Fluminense State University | Universidad Estatal Amazonica | Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) | Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz 10260, Bolivia ; Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF) | Duke University [Durham] | University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA) | Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL) | Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES) | Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology) ; University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF) | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute | Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP) | Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff] | University of Oxford | Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Union [283080, 282664]; European Union (ERC); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC Consortium [NE/F005806/1, NE/D005590/1]; Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; PRONEX - FAPEAM/CNPq [1600/2006]; Hidroveg FAPESP/FAPEAM; Universal/CNPq [473308/2009-6]; INCT-CENBAM; Investissement d'Avenir grants of the French ANR [CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025, TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041]; CNPq/PELD [Proc. 558069/2009 -6]; NERC [NE/I021217/1, NE/I021160/1]; Royal Society; ERC; ARC [FT110100457 (FT3)] | ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010) | ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
International audience
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Aim The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset.Location Tropical forests of the Amazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1Methods Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground-plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area-based comparisons.Results The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north-east, to the light-wooded, shorter forests of the south-west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over-or under-estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be < 5%.Main conclusions Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon-mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above-ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.
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